Supreme Court of India: Difference between revisions
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== Composition == | == Composition == | ||
The Supreme Court consists of: | |||
The Supreme Court of India consists of: | |||
* One '''Chief Justice of India (CJI)''' | * One '''Chief Justice of India (CJI)''' | ||
* Up to 33 other Judges | * Up to 33 other Judges<ref name="SCComposition">{{cite web |title=Composition of the Supreme Court |url=https://main.sci.gov.in/about-sc |website=Supreme Court of India |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref> | ||
Judges are appointed by the President of India | Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President of India on the recommendation of the [[Collegium system]]<ref name="Collegium">{{cite news |title=Explained: What is the Collegium system? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-what-is-the-collegium-system-7221112/ |work=The Indian Express |date=6 March 2021 |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref>. As per Article 124 of the [[Constitution of India]], judges hold office until they attain the age of 65 years<ref>{{cite web |title=Article 124 – Establishment and Constitution of Supreme Court |url=https://legislative.gov.in/constitution-of-india/constitution-india-part-v |website=Ministry of Law and Justice |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref>. | ||
== Jurisdiction and Powers == | == Jurisdiction and Powers == | ||
Revision as of 09:51, 22 July 2025
| Established | 28 January 1950 |
|---|---|
| Location | Tilak Marg, New Delhi, India |
| Type | Constitutional Court |
| Authority | Constitution of India |
| Appeals to | None (Highest Court) |
| Judges | 34 (as sanctioned) |
| Website | Official website |
Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority and the apex court in the Republic of India. Established on 28 January 1950, it is the final court of appeal, the guardian of the Constitution of India, and the protector of fundamental rights.[1]
Composition
The Supreme Court of India consists of:
- One Chief Justice of India (CJI)
- Up to 33 other Judges[2]
Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President of India on the recommendation of the Collegium system[3]. As per Article 124 of the Constitution of India, judges hold office until they attain the age of 65 years[4].
Jurisdiction and Powers
The Supreme Court has wide-ranging powers under the Constitution:
- Original Jurisdiction – Disputes between Centre and states (Article 131)
- Appellate Jurisdiction – Civil and criminal appeals from lower courts
- Writ Jurisdiction – Can issue writs under Article 32 for enforcement of fundamental rights
- Advisory Jurisdiction – Advises the President on legal or constitutional matters (Article 143)
- Judicial Review – Can declare laws unconstitutional if they violate the Constitution
It is also the interpreter of the Constitution and has played a vital role in shaping Indian democracy.
Landmark Judgments
The Court has delivered several landmark rulings:
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala – Basic structure doctrine
- Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India – Expanded definition of personal liberty
- S.R. Bommai v. Union of India – Limits on misuse of President’s Rule
- Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India – Decriminalized Section 377
Access and Language
- Proceedings are conducted in English
- Litigants can file cases from anywhere in India
- Recent digital initiatives like **e-filing**, **virtual hearings**, and **live-streaming** (in constitutional benches) have increased accessibility
Role in Democracy
The Supreme Court acts as a guardian of:
- Fundamental Rights
- Federal Structure
- Democratic Values
It has the authority to check both legislative and executive actions to ensure they conform to the Constitution.
See Also
- High Courts of India
- Judiciary of India
- Chief Justice of India
- Constitution of India
- Fundamental Rights
- Judicial Review in India
References
- ↑ https://main.sci.gov.in/
- ↑ Composition of the Supreme Court . In Supreme Court of India . Retrieved 19 July 2025
- ↑
- ↑ Article 124 – Establishment and Constitution of Supreme Court . In Ministry of Law and Justice . Retrieved 19 July 2025
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