Indian National Congress: Difference between revisions
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|title=Indian National Congress – | |title=Indian National Congress Biography – Pioneering Political Party in India’s Freedom Struggle | ||
|description=The Indian National Congress (INC) | |description=The Indian National Congress (INC) played a central role in the Indian independence movement, leading campaigns, movements, and negotiations that ended British rule in 1947. | ||
|keywords=Indian National Congress, INC, Congress Party, Indian politics | |keywords=Indian National Congress Biography, INC, Congress Party India, freedom struggle India, Gandhi Congress, Nehru Congress, Indian politics | ||
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'''[[Indian National Congress]]''' (INC), often called the '''Congress Party''', is one of the oldest and most influential political parties in [[India]]. Founded in 1885, it was the principal leader of the [[Indian independence movement]] and has played a major role in shaping modern India.<ref>https://www.inc.in/en/party/history</ref> | |og:title=Indian National Congress – Key Role in India’s Independence | ||
|og:description=Learn about the history and contribution of the Indian National Congress in India’s freedom struggle and post-independence politics. | |||
|og:image=https://knowlepedia.org/images/Indian National Congress.jpg | |||
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}}'''[[Indian National Congress]]''' (INC), often called the '''Congress Party''', is one of the oldest and most influential political parties in [[India]]. Founded in 1885, it was the principal leader of the [[Indian independence movement]] and has played a major role in shaping modern India.<ref>https://www.inc.in/en/party/history</ref> | |||
== History == | == History == | ||
The INC was founded on 28 December 1885 by [[Allan Octavian Hume]], along with [[Dadabhai Naoroji]] and [[Dinshaw Wacha]], in [[Bombay]] (now [[Mumbai]]). | The INC was founded on 28 December 1885 by [[Allan Octavian Hume]], along with [[Dadabhai Naoroji]] and [[Dinshaw Wacha]], in [[Bombay]] (now [[Mumbai]]). | ||
=== Pre-Independence Era === | === Pre-Independence Era === | ||
* The party served as a platform for nationalist leaders like [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]], [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]], and [[Annie Besant]]. | * The party served as a platform for nationalist leaders like [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]], [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]], and [[Annie Besant]]. | ||
* After 1920, under [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s leadership, the INC spearheaded mass movements like: | * After 1920, under [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s leadership, the INC spearheaded mass movements like: | ||
*[[Non-Cooperation Movement]] (1920) | |||
*[[Civil Disobedience Movement]] (1930) | |||
*[[Quit India Movement]] (1942) | |||
* Played a major role in negotiations for [[Indian independence]] from [[British India]]. | * Played a major role in negotiations for [[Indian independence]] from [[British India]]. | ||
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== Party Symbol and Ideology == | == Party Symbol and Ideology == | ||
* '''Symbol''': The hand (open palm) | * '''Symbol''': The hand (open palm) | ||
* '''Ideology''': Centre-left, [[Social democracy]], [[Secularism]], [[Democratic socialism]] | * '''Ideology''': Centre-left, [[Social democracy]], [[Secularism]], [[Democratic socialism]] | ||
* The INC supports: | * The INC supports: | ||
- Welfare state policies | - Welfare state policies | ||
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* Dominated Indian politics for four decades after independence. | * Dominated Indian politics for four decades after independence. | ||
* Faced major defeats in 1977 (post-Emergency), 1996, 2014, and 2019. | * Faced major defeats in 1977 (post-Emergency), 1996, 2014, and 2019. | ||
* As of 2024, the INC is the principal opposition party in Parliament and leads the [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] (I.N.D.I.A.) against the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. | * As of 2024, the INC is the principal opposition party in Parliament and leads the [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] (I.N.D.I.A.) against the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. | ||
== Wings and Organizations == | == Wings and Organizations == | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
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[[Category:Political parties in India]] | |||
[[Category:Indian National Congress]] | |||
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[[Category:Political parties established in 1885]] | |||
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Latest revision as of 13:04, 25 August 2025
Indian National Congress (INC), often called the Congress Party, is one of the oldest and most influential political parties in India. Founded in 1885, it was the principal leader of the Indian independence movement and has played a major role in shaping modern India.[1]
History
The INC was founded on 28 December 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume, along with Dadabhai Naoroji and Dinshaw Wacha, in Bombay (now Mumbai).
Pre-Independence Era
- The party served as a platform for nationalist leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Annie Besant.
- After 1920, under Mahatma Gandhi's leadership, the INC spearheaded mass movements like:
- Non-Cooperation Movement (1920)
- Civil Disobedience Movement (1930)
- Quit India Movement (1942)
- Played a major role in negotiations for Indian independence from British India.
Post-Independence
After 1947, the INC became the dominant political force in India, governing at the central level for most of the period until the late 1980s.
Key Leaders
- Jawaharlal Nehru – India’s first Prime Minister (1947–1964)
- Indira Gandhi – First woman Prime Minister (1966–1977, 1980–1984)
- Rajiv Gandhi – PM (1984–1989)
- Sonia Gandhi – Longest-serving party president
- Rahul Gandhi – Former party president and MP
- Mallikarjun Kharge – Current party president (as of 2024)
Party Symbol and Ideology
- Symbol: The hand (open palm)
- Ideology: Centre-left, Social democracy, Secularism, Democratic socialism
- The INC supports:
- Welfare state policies - Minority rights - Democratic governance - Economic reforms with a human face
Electoral History
- Dominated Indian politics for four decades after independence.
- Faced major defeats in 1977 (post-Emergency), 1996, 2014, and 2019.
- As of 2024, the INC is the principal opposition party in Parliament and leads the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (I.N.D.I.A.) against the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Wings and Organizations
- Indian Youth Congress (Youth wing)
- National Students' Union of India (NSUI)
- All India Mahila Congress – Women’s wing
- Seva Dal – Volunteer wing
- Congress Working Committee – Highest decision-making body
Criticism and Challenges
- Accusations of dynastic politics
- Electoral decline post-2014
- Internal leadership crisis and factionalism
- Accused of policy paralysis during UPA-II (2009–2014)
Contributions
- Instrumental in framing the Constitution of India
- Led reforms such as:
- Green Revolution - Bank Nationalization - Right to Information Act - MNREGA
- Helped institutionalize democracy, secularism, and federalism in India